2026 Thermal Safety Analysis and Prediction of Evacuation Guide Robot Batte…
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Abstract : In this study, a simulation technique was used to evaluate the thermal safety of a
lithium-ion battery (LIB)—a core component of an evacuation guide robot designed to perform passenger evacuation missions in high-temperature environments during railway tunnel fires.
Thermal and electrochemical parameters required for the simulation were extracted from a
physical LIB cell, and 3D thermo-electrochemical models for both unit cells and modules were
developed. Assuming an exposure to a high temperature of approximately 250 o
C during a tun
nel fire, the time required to reach the self-heating stage (SHS) temperature—the pre-thermal
runaway stage—was calculated through simulation to analyze the LIB’s thermal safety. The
results indicated that when the evacuation guide robot was exposed to an ambient temperature
of 250 o
C, it took approximately 4 minutes for the battery cell to reach the SHS reference tem
perature (132 o
C), representing a very short window to complete passenger evacuation in an actual
fire scenario. Therefore, this work provides a useful prognostic thermo-electrochemical model plat
form to ensure the thermal safety of LIB systems in railway tunnel evacuation guide robots.
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